Clinical study of using basement membrane biological products in pelvic floor reconstruction during pelvic exenteration / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Objective: To investigate the value of reconstruction of pelvic floor with biological products to prevent and treat empty pelvic syndrome after pelvic exenteration (PE) for locally advanced or recurrent rectal cancer. Methods: This was a descriptive study of data of 56 patients with locally advanced or locally recurrent rectal cancer without or with limited extra-pelvic metastases who had undergone PE and pelvic floor reconstruction using basement membrane biologic products to separate the abdominal and pelvic cavities in the Department of Anorectal Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Military Medical University from November 2021 to May 2022. The extent of surgery was divided into two categories: mainly inside the pelvis (41 patients) and including pelvic wall resection (15 patients). In all procedures, basement membrane biologic products were used to reconstruct the pelvic floor and separate the abdominal and pelvic cavities. The procedures included a transperitoneal approach, in which biologic products were used to cover the retroperitoneal defect and the pelvic entrance from the Treitz ligament to the sacral promontory and sutured to the lateral peritoneum, the peritoneal margin of the retained organs in the anterior pelvis, or the pubic arch and pubic symphysis; and a sacrococcygeal approach in which biologic products were used to reconstruct the defect in the pelvic muscle-sacral plane. Variables assessed included patients' baseline information (including sex, age, history of preoperative radiotherapy, recurrence or primary, and extra-pelvic metastases), surgery-related variables (including extent of organ resection, operative time, intraoperative bleeding, and tissue restoration), post-operative recovery (time to recovery of bowel function and time to recovery from empty pelvic syndrome), complications, and findings on follow-up. Postoperative complications were graded using the Clavien-Dindo classification. Results: The median age of the 41 patients whose surgery was mainly inside the pelvis was 57 (31-82) years. The patients comprised 25 men and 16 women. Of these 41 patients, 23 had locally advanced disease and 18 had locally recurrent disease; 32 had a history of chemotherapy/immunotherapy/targeted therapy and 24 of radiation therapy. Among these patients, the median operative time, median intraoperative bleeding, median time to recovery of bowel function, and median time to resolution of empty pelvic syndrome were 440 (240-1020) minutes, 650 (200-4000) ml, 3 (1-9) days, and 14 (5-105) days, respectively. As for postoperative complications, 37 patients had Clavien-Dindo < grade III and four had ≥ grade III complications. One patient died of multiple organ failure 7 days after surgery, two underwent second surgeries because of massive bleeding from their pelvic floor wounds, and one was successfully resuscitated from respiratory failure. In contrast, the median age of the 15 patients whose procedure included combined pelvic and pelvic wall resection was 61 (43-76) years, they comprised eight men and seven women, four had locally advanced disease and 11 had locally recurrent disease. All had a history of chemotherapy/ immunotherapy and 13 had a history of radiation therapy. The median operative time, median intraoperative bleeding, median time to recovery of bowel function, and median time to relief of empty pelvic syndrome were 600 (360-960) minutes, 1600 (400-4000) ml, 3 (2-7) days, and 68 (7-120) days, respectively, in this subgroup of patients. Twelve of these patients had Clavien-Dindo < grade III and three had ≥ grade III postoperative complications. Follow-up was until 31 October 2022 or death; the median follow-up time was 9 (5-12) months. One patient in this group died 3 months after surgery because of rapid tumor progression. The remaining 54 patients have survived to date and no local recurrences have been detected at the surgical site. Conclusion: The use of basement membrane biologic products for pelvic floor reconstruction and separation of the abdominal and pelvic cavities during PE for locally advanced or recurrent rectal cancer is safe, effective, and feasible. It improves the perioperative safety of PE and warrants more implementation.

Added value of dynamic magnetic resonance images in pelvic floor dysfunction / Valor agregado das imagens de ressonância magnética dinâmica na disfunção do assoalho pélvico

ABSTRACT Purpose Pelvic floor dysfunction has a high prevalence in the adult population. The Dynamic and Multiplanar Evaluation of the Pelvic Floor (DMRIPF) represents an ideal tool for multidisciplinary management. The purpose of this analysis is to evaluate the added value of the Dynamic and Multiplanar Evaluation of the Pelvic Floor in patients with suspected pelvic floor disorders. Methods Retrospective analysis of a consecutive series of patients who underwent a DMRIPF due to suspected pelvic floor disorders between April 2005 and July 2019. Results 359 patients were included. The average number of diagnoses achieved by physical examination was 1.2 vs. 2.5 by the Dynamic and Multiplanar Evaluation of the Pelvic Floor (p < 0.001). Physical examination found a single pathology in 80.8 % of cases. Anterior rectocele (AR) was the most frequent isolated diagnosis on physical examination (68 %). On the Dynamic and Multiplanar Evaluation of the Pelvic Floor, anterior rectocele was diagnosed as an isolated condition in 10.9 %. In 231 cases, anterior rectocele was associated with up to 5 other pelvic floor disorders. The number of individuals with associated pathologies of the posterior and anterior compartments tripled. It modified physical examination findings in 17 % of individuals and, in 63.5 %, allowed the identification of additional pelvic floor pathologies that were missed by physical examination. The Dynamic and Multiplanar Evaluation of the Pelvic Floor had greater added value in patients with anterior rectocele (59.6 % vs. 20.9 %; p < 0.001). Female gender was also associated with a greater diagnostic yield (p < 0.001). Conclusion The Dynamic and Multiplanar Evaluation of the Pelvic Floor allows the detection of multi-compartment defects that could otherwise go undetected, or even alter the initial clinical diagnosis, representing an ideal tool for multidisciplinary approach of pelvic floor dislocations, allowing a comprehensive therapeutic planning.

RESUMO Objetivo A disfunção do assoalho pélvico tem alta prevalência na população adulta. A avaliação dinâmica e multiplanar do assoalho pélvico (DMRIPF) representa uma ferramenta ideal para o gerenciamento multidisciplinar. O objetivo desta análise é avaliar o valor agregado da avaliação dinâmica e multiplanar do assoalho pélvico em pacientes com suspeita de distúrbios do assoalho pélvico. Métodos Análise retrospectiva de uma série consecutiva de pacientes submetidos à avaliação dinâmica e multiplanar do assoalho pélvico por suspeita de distúrbios do assoalho pélvico entre Abril de 2005 e Julho de 2019. Resultados 359 pacientes foram incluídos. O número médio de diagnósticos alcançados pelo exame físico foi de 1,2vs. 2,5 pela avaliação dinâmica e multiplanar do assoalho pélvico p < 0,001. O exame físico encontrou uma única patologia em 80.8 % dos casos. A retocele anterior (RA) foi o diagnóstico isolado mais frequente no exame físico (68 %). Na avaliação dinâmica e multiplanar do assoalho pélvico, a retocele anterior foi diagnosticada como uma condição isolada em 10.9 %. Em 231 casos, a retocele anterior foi associada a até 5 outros distúrbios do assoalho pélvico. O número de indivíduos com patologias associadas dos compartimentos posterior e anterior triplicou. Modificou os achados do exame físico em 17 % dos indivíduos e em 63.5 %; permitiu a identificação de outras patologias do assoalho pélvico que foram esquecidas pelo exame físico. A avaliação dinâmica e multiplanar do assoalho pélvico teve maior valor agregado em pacientes com retocele anterior (59.6 % vs.20.9 %; p < 0,001. O sexo feminino também foi associado a um maior rendimento diagnóstico p < 0,001. Conclusão A avaliação dinâmica e multiplanar do assoalho pélvico permite a detecção de defeitos multicompartimentários que, de outra forma, poderiam não ser detectados, ou mesmo alterar o diagnóstico clínico inicial, representando uma ferramenta ideal para a abordagem multidisciplinar das luxações do assoalho pélvico, permitindo um planejamento terapêutico abrangente.

Abordaje vaginal para el tratamiento de las patologías de piso pélvico: aspectos anátomo-funcionales y técnicas quirúrgicas / Vaginal approach to treat pelvic floor disoders: functional and anatomic aspects and surgical techniques / Abordagem vaginal para o tratamento de patologias do assoalho pélvico: aspectos anatomofuncional e técnicas cirúrgicas

El desarrollo de la cirugía vaginal y de las diferentes técnicas terapéuticas de las patologías del piso pélvico femenino en la realidad de la ginecotocología de Uruguay ha presentado un importante desarrollo en los últimos 20 años. El objetivo es presentar la forma de abordaje diagnóstico y los fundamentos y arsenal quirúrgico de la Unidad de Patología de Piso Pélvico de la Clínica Ginecotocológica A, en base a la teoría integral. Se realiza una descripción evolutiva de las diferentes técnicas quirúrgicas implementadas y desarrolladas en nuestro medio, así como la fundamentación anátomo-funcional de las mismas. Como conclusión del análisis evolutivo es fundamental conceptualizar que las alteraciones funcionales y anatómicas de los órganos pélvicos femeninos forman parte de una unidad y no de la suma de compartimentos estancos, celdas o sectores. En este sentido, desarrollar estrategias terapéuticas quirúrgicas cada vez menos invasivas, con correcciones sitio específico, aparece como la perspectiva estratégica por sobre las correcciones estereotipadas.(AU)

Vaginal surgery and the different therapeutic techniques to treat pelvic floor disorders in the context of Gynecotocology in Uruguay have dramatically developed in the last 20 years. The study aims to present the different diagnostic approaches, the principles and the surgical possibilities at the Pelvic Floor Pathology Department of Gynecotocology Clinic "A", based on the comprehensive theory. It comprises a description of the evolution of the different surgical techniques implemented and developed in our country, as well as the anatomic and functional grounds that support them. In order to come up with a conclusion on the analysis of this evolution it is of the essence to conceptualize that the functional and anatomic alterations of the female pelvic organs are all part of a whole, rather than the addition of different domains, cells or sectors. In that sense, developing surgical strategies that are gradually less invasive and include specific-site correction seems to be the best the strategic perspective over stereotype corrections.(AU)

O desenvolvimento da cirurgia vaginal e das diferentes técnicas terapêuticas das patologias do assoalho pélvico feminino mostrou um avanço importante nos últimos 20 anos na tocoginecologia do Uruguai. O objetivo é apresentar a forma de abordagem diagnóstica e os fundamentos e o arsenal cirúrgico da Unidad de Patología de Piso Pélvico da Clínica Ginecotocológica A, baseado na teoria integral. Faz-se uma descrição evolutiva das diferentes técnicas cirúrgicas desenvolvidas e implementadas no nosso meio, assim como a fundamentação anatomofuncional das mesmas. Como conclusão da análise evolutiva é fundamental incorporar o conceito de que as alterações funcionais e anatómicas dos órgãos pélvicos femininos formam parte de uma unidade e não da soma de compartimentos estanques. Nesse sentido, o desenvolvimento de estratégias terapêuticas cirúrgicas cada vez menos invasivas, com correções específicas para um ponto específico, aparece como a perspectiva estratégica sobre as correções estereotipadas.(AU)

Reinforcement of the pelvic diaphragm using a purse-string suture in dogs: description of technique / Reforço do diafragma pélvico por meio de sutura em bolsa de fumo: descrição de técnica

Recurrence of perineal hernias is frequent, and is associated to poor identification of anatomical structures during surgery, inadequate suture placement, and failure of physical support of the pelvic diaphragm after surgical reconstruction. The objective of this work is to describe a novel surgical technique for reinforcement of the pelvic diaphragm after performing the internal obturator transposition technique in dogs with perineal hernia.(AU)

As recidivas das hérnias perineais são frequentes e associadas à falha no isolamento das estruturas anatômicas, inadequada colocação de suturas e falência na sustentação do diafragma pélvico reconstruído cirurgicamente. Objetiva-se descrever uma nova técnica cirúrgica para reforço do diafragma pélvico após a realização da técnica de elevação do músculo obturador interno em cães com hérnia perineal.(AU)

Concentration of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in the Pelvic Floor Muscles: An Experimental Comparative Rat Model

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to explore non-steroid anti-inflammation drugs (NSAIDs) potency for pelvic floor muscle pain by measuring local concentration in a rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used nine NSAIDs, including nabumetone, naproxen, ibuprofen, meloxicam, piroxicam, diclofenac potassium, etodolac, indomethacin, and sulindac, and 9 groups of female Wister rats. Each group of rats was fed with one kind of NSAID (2 mg/mL) for three consecutive days. Thereafter, one mL of blood and one gram of pelvic floor muscle were taken to measure drug pharmacokinetics, including partition coefficient, lipophilicity, elimination of half-life (T1/2) and muscle/plasma converting ratio (Css, muscle/Css, plasma). RESULTS: Diclofenac potassium had the lowest T1/2 and the highest mean Css, muscle/Css, plasma (1.9 hours and 0.85+/-0.53, respectively). The mean Css, muscle/Css, plasma of sulindac, naproxen and ibuprofen were lower than other experimental NSAIDs. CONCLUSION: Diclofenac potassium had the highest disposition in pelvic floor muscle in a rat model. The finding implies that diclofenac potassium might be the choice for pain relief in pelvic muscle.

Fisioterapia no tratamento da urgência miccional feminina / Physiotherapy in treatment of female miccional urgency

A urgência miccional consiste em um problema de saúde comum entre as mulheres em qualquer período da vida e em todas as faixas etárias, cujo risco aumenta com a idade, podendo determinar uma série de consequências físicas, econômicas, psicológicas, emocionais, sexuais e sociais que poderão interferir de forma negativa em sua qualidade de vida. As principais patologias que acometem as mulheres com essa sintomatologia são: infecção do trato urinário (ITU) e a incontinência urinária por bexiga hiperativa (BH). Existem diversas formas de tratamento para a esse sintoma, entre eles o tratamento conservador fisioterapêutico tem sido considerado uma opção relevante nos últimos tempos. Este estudo teve por objetivo analisar a atuação da fisioterapia no tratamento da urgência miccional feminina. Baseou-se no levantamento de referências bibliográficas nacionais e internacionais. Concluiu-se que a atuação da fisioterapia é importante para o tratamento da urgência miccional na BH, pois proporciona a melhora e/ou a cura dos sintomas provocados e a melhora da qualidade de vida dessas mulheres. Além disso, consiste em um tratamento com menos reações adversas, não oneroso em relação aos tratamentos cirúrgico e medicamentosos, menos invasivo e de baixo custo em comparação a outras formas de tratamento.

The urgency is a common health problem among women in any period of life and all ages groups whose risks increase with age and may determine a series of physical, economic, psychological, emotional, sexual and social consequences and may have a negative impact on their quality of life. The main diseases that affect women with these symptoms are urinary tract infection (UTI) and incontinence overactive bladder (OAB). There are several forms of treatment for this symptom, including physical therapy; conservative treatment has been considered a relevant option in recent times. This study aims to examine the role of physiotherapy of female urinary urgency. Based on the survey of international and national references, it was concluded that the role of physiotherapy is important to the treatment of urinary urgency in OAB. It provides improvement and/ or cure of the symptoms caused by accidents and improve quality of life of these women. In addition this treatment consists in less side effects, it is inexpensive compared to surgical and medical, less invasive and inexpensive compared to other forms of treatment.

Cincha transobturatriz con anestesia local para incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo / Tansobturator tape under local anesthesia for urinary stress incontinence

Evaluar la técnica de cura de incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo con cincha transobturatriz bajo anestesia local. Estudio descriptivo y prospectivo en 22 pacientes con incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo de la consulta de piso pélvico del Hospital Universitario de Caracas entre abril y noviembre de 2010, a las que se les colocó cincha transobturatriz con anestesia local y sedación consciente complementaria en la mayoría de los casos. El tiempo quirúrgico promedio fue 9,57 min. Dos pacientes toleraron el procedimiento quirúrgico con anestesia local exclusiva, mientras que las otras 20 (90,9 por ciento) requirieron sedación endovenosa, similar a lo descrito en la literatura. El dolor intraoperatorio en promedio fue de 3,18 puntos en la escala visual análoga. El 100 por ciento de las pacientes estuvo satisfecha con el procedimiento anestésico y el 95,5 por ciento lo recomienda. La anestesia local con sedación consciente constituye una técnica tolerable, segura, y rápida para la cura de incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo con cincha transobturatriz

To evaluate the transobturator tape procedure for urinary stress incontinence under local anesthesia. Prospective and descriptive study of 22 patients with urinary stress incontinence from the Pelvic Floor Unit of Universitary Hospital of Caracas, between April and November 2010, in whom the transobturator tape procedure was performed under local anesthesia and sedation. Mean surgical time was 9.57 min. Two patients tolerated the surgical procedure with local anesthesia without sedation, while the other 20 (90.9 percent) required intravenous sedation, as described in most publications. Mean intraoperative pain was 3.18 points in the Visual Analogue Scale. One hundred percent of the patients were satisfied with the anesthetic technique, and 95.5 percent would recommend it. Local anesthesia with sedation is a well-tolerated, safe, and fast technique for the surgical treatment of urinary stress incontinence with transobturator tape

Defecografía por resonancia magnética / Magnetic resonance defecography

The term disorders of the anorectal function encompasses a group of diseases commonly present in gastroenterological consultation; conditions that have a significant impact on patients' quality of life. Imaging studies, mainly defecography, are essential for the diagnosis of these diseases. Taking into account that there is overlap of several of them in the same patient, some may be underdiagnosed when relying solely on anamnesis and physical examination. Given the multiplanar capability of MRI, visualization ofperirectal soft tissue, its lowest invasiveness in relation with other studies and the absence of ionizing radiation or barium, MRI defecography has been installed as an imaging modality widely used in our milieu, replacing the classical defecography performed under fluoroscopy.

Los trastornos de la función anorrectal están constituidos por un grupo de patologías frecuentes en la consulta gastroenterológica, que determinan un impacto en la calidad de vida. Los estudios de imagen, en especial la defecografía, son fundamentales para el diagnóstico de estas patologías; si se considera que hay traslape de varias de ellas en un mismo paciente, algunas pueden quedar subdiagnosticadas al contar solamente con la anamnesis y el examen físico. Dada la capacidad multiplanar de la resonancia magnética, la visualización de las partes blandas perirrectales, su menor invasividad en relación a otros estudios y el no uso de radiación ionizante ni bario, la defecografía por resonancia magnética se ha instalado como una modalidad de imagen de amplio uso en nuestro medio, reemplazando a la defecografía clásica efectuada bajo fluoroscopía.

Disfunción del piso pélvico: epidemiología / Pelvic floor dysfunction: epidemiology

Evaluar la prevalencia de la disfunción del piso pélvico, factores relacionados, tratamientos y evolución en pacientes gineco-obstétricas de un hospital privado. Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, epidemiológico. Se revisaron 4555 historias desde 1998 a 2008 y se seleccionaron 430 con alteraciones del piso pélvico. Se evaluaron los factores asociados: edad, embarazos, partos, distocias, episiotomías, peso máximo fetal, masa corporal, incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo, infecciones urinarias bajas recurrentes, alteraciones tiroideas, diabetes, fibromatosis uterina, menopausia, intervenciones ginecológicas previas, estreñimiento, trabajos forzados, tos crónica y uso de fajas. Se clasificaron los tipos y grados de prolapsos, tratamientos y complicaciones. Instituto Médico Quirúrgico Ribas. Los Teques, Estado Miranda, Venezuela. Promedio de edad 47,72 ± 11,88 años. Incidencia de disfunción 9,4 por ciento; en 72 por ciento fue un hallazgo del médico, 73,2 por ciento referían incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo, 18 por ciento infecciones urinarias bajas recurrentes, paridad promedio 3,86 ± 2,59; 21,4 por ciento distocias y 48,8 por ciento episiotomías. Diagnóstico de prolapso 97,4 por ciento, grado II más frecuente 73,3 por ciento. Entre los factores relacionados se encontró: masa corporal elevada, fibromatosis uterina, estreñimiento e intervenciones anteriores. Se indicó tratamiento conservador en 67,3 por ciento, cirugía vaginal 8 por ciento y abdominal 11 por ciento. La incidencia de disfunciones es baja, el cistocele grado II es el más frecuente y está relacionados con incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo, infecciones urinarias bajas recurrentes, grupo etario entre 40 y 50 años, multiparidad, mayor índice de masa corporal, estreñimiento, fibromatosis uterinas e intervenciones pélvicas previas. El tratamiento más aceptado es la rehabilitación muscular

To evaluate the prevalence of pelvic floor dysfunction, related factors, treatment and evolution in gyneco-obstetric patients in a private hospital. A descriptive, retrospective, epidemiologic study. 4555 records were reviewed from 1998 to 2008 and 430 with pelvic floor disorders were selected. Associated factors such as age, pregnancy, dystocia, episiotomy, fetal weight, body mass, stress urinary incontinence, recurrent lower urinary tract infections, thyroid disorders, diabetes, uterine fibromatosis, menopause, previous gynecologic interventions, constipation, hard work, chronic cough and use of belts were evaluated. Types and degrees of prolapse, treatments and complications were classified. Instituto Médico Quirúrgico Ribas. Los Teques, Estado Miranda, Venezuela. Average age 47.72 ± 11.88 years. 9.4 percent dysfunction incidence; in 72 percent was medical finding, 73.2 percent referred stress urinary incontinence, 18 percent urinary tract infections, average parity 3.86 ± 2.59, 21.4 percent dystocia and 48.8 percent episiotomy. Prolapse diagnosis 97.4 percent, grade II 73.3 percent more frequent. Among the factors were: high body mass, uterine fibromatosis, constipation, and previous interventions. Non surgical treatment was indicated in 67.3 percent, 8 percent vaginal surgery and abdominal 11 percent. The incidence of dysfunction is low, the grade II cystocele is the more common and is associated with stress urinary incontinence, urinary tract infections, age group between 40 and 50 years, multiparity, higher body mass index, constipation, uterine fibromatosis and previous pelvic interventions. The most accepted treatment is the muscular rehabilitation

Uso del sistema POPQ para la clasificación de los prolapsos: Hospital Parroquial de San Bernardo / Use of the POPQ system for prolapses classification: Hospital Parroquial de San Bernardo

El sistema de Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POPQ) ha demostrado ser útil, fácil de aprender, rápido de realizar y con una buena confiabilidad intra e interobservador. Quisimos comenzar a aplicar este tipo de clasificación y compararla con la clasificación clásica de Baden y Walker descrita en la ficha clínica. Para esto se realizó un estudio observacional de 41 pacientes en que se comparó el sistema tradicional consignado en la ficha, con la medición de nueve puntos que utiliza el sistema POPQ. En 17 por ciento de los casos ambos sistemas coincidieron en el diagnóstico del descenso de todos los elementos del prolapso: pared anterior, posterior y cuello uterino. El sistema POPQ permite un diagnóstico acabado del estado y magnitud del descenso de los órganos pelvianos.

The Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POPQ) System has proved to be a good method for describing and quantifying pelvic organ prolapse. The objective of this observational study was to compare the classification consigned in the clinical records (Baden and Walker classification) with the new POPQ system. In the first 41 cases we proceed to evaluate our patients by mean of the POPQ system. In only 17 percent of the cases the two systems agreed in the diagnosis of the anterior, posterior and cervix descents. POPQ system allows an acute diagnosis of the state and magnitude of the descent of pelvic organs.

Avaliação do impacto da correção cirúrgica de distopias genitais sobre a função sexual feminina / Impact of surgery for pelvic organ prolapse on female sexual function

OBJETIVO: avaliar as repercussões das cirurgias de correção de distopia genital sobre a função sexual feminina, bem como os resultados anatômicos pós-operatórios, e detectar possíveis correlações entre eles. MÉTODOS: estudo prospectivo realizado entre outubro de 2004 e setembro de 2006. Foram incluídas 43 mulheres sexualmente ativas com distopia genital com indicação de cirurgia de reconstrução do assoalho pélvico. No pré-operatório e três e seis meses após a cirurgia, as pacientes responderam ao questionário de avaliação do comportamento sexual e escalas analógicas para quantificação do grau de desejo, excitação e satisfação, além de se submeterem a exame físico para graduação da distopia genital. Para análise dos resultados, utilizaram-se os testes de simetria de Bowker, Wilcoxon, t de Student, chi2 e análise de variância (ANOVA), quando indicados, com limite de significância estatística de 5 por cento (p<0,05). RESULTADOS: as 43 mulheres completaram o seguimento de três e seis meses após a cirurgia, mas duas perderam os parceiros. Houve melhora significativa na qualificação da vida sexual (p=0,03). Dispareunia (25,6 por cento no pré-operatório versus 17,1 por cento no pós-operatório), incômodo (27,9 versus 0 por cento), embaraço (20,9 versus 0 por cento) e medo (2,3 versus 0 por cento) melhoraram de forma significativa (p<0,001). As escalas analógicas de desejo (5 versus 7, p=0,001), excitação (6 versus 8, p<0,001) e satisfação com a vida sexual (5 versus 7, p<0,001) também apresentaram melhora significativa. Houve melhora significativa entre os estádios clínicos do pré-operatório e seis meses após a cirurgia (p<0,001). Não houve correlação significativa entre as alterações nas dimensões vaginais e a mudança na função sexual. CONCLUSÕES: após cirurgias de reconstrução do assoalho pélvico, houve melhora significativa na qualificação da vida sexual e no estadiamento clínico das distopias. No entanto, não houve correlação entre estes indicadores.

PURPOSE: to identify the impact of pelvic reconstructive surgery on female sexual function, as well as the changes in vaginal anatomy, and to detect possible correlations between them. METHODS: a prospective, descriptive study, including 43 sexually active women with genital dystopy, undergoing surgery for pelvic organ prolapse, conducted between October 2004 and September 2006. The women completed the same multiple-choice questionnaire regarding sexual function, and analogic scales to quantify the degree of desire, arousal and satisfaction, and were clinically assessed using the pelvic organ prolapse quantification (POP-Q) staging system, before the surgery and three and six months after it. Statistical analysis was performed through the Bowker test for symmetry, Wilcoxon test, Student t test, chi2 and analysis of variance (ANOVA) as appropriate, with statistical significance set at 5 percent (p<0.05). RESULTS: all 43 women completed the follow-up at three and six months after the surgery, but two of them lost their partners after the surgery. Quality of sexual life improved significantly (p=0.03). Symptoms such as dyspareunia (25.6 percent before versus 17.1 percent after surgery), discomfort (27.9 versus 0 percent), embarrassment (20.9 percent versus 0 percent) and fear (2.3 percent versus 0 percent) significantly improved (p<0.001). Analogical scales scores regarding desire (5 versus 7, p=0.001), arousal (6 versus 8, p<0.001) and satisfaction with sexual life (5 versus 7, p<0.001) also improved. There was a statistically significant improvement (p<0.001) of the POP-Q stages after the surgery. However, there was no statistically significant correlation between changes in vaginal dimensions and changes in sexual function. CONCLUSIONS: after pelvic reconstructive surgery, there was a significant improvement in the quality of sexual life and of the POP-Q stages. However, there was no correlation between them.

Síndrome de mala eliminación / Dysfunctional elimination syndrome

El Síndrome de Mala Eliminación (SME) comprende la alteración en la evacuación a nivel intestinal y urinario, en distintos grados y formas de presentación clínica. Diversos estudios muestran el origen de esta patología en una alteración a nivel de la musculatura del piso pelviano. El objetivo de esta revisión es entregarle al pediatra una visión general de este concepto, usa cada vez más utilizado en la literatura internacional, destacando la importancia de la sospecha clínica, diagnóstico y manejo precoz. Los resultados de estudios internacionales avalan la necesidad del tratamiento conjunto de la afección urinaria y gastrointestinal, para lograr mayor porcentaje de mejoría. El enfoque conjunto de la incontinencia y la constipación, más la amplia gama de situaciones clínicas que cada uno de ellos conlleva, es el objetivo que persigue introducir este nuevo síndrome.

Diagnóstico y tratamiento de la incontinencia anal / Diagnosis and treatment of anal incontinence

Objetivo: Realizar una revisión sobre las nuevas alternativas en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la incontinencia anal. Material y métodos: Se recopilaron los más importantes trabajos publicados sobre los métodos diagnósticos y terapéuticos para la incontinencia anal. La búsqueda bibliográfica se realizó en la base de datos Medline, utilizando las palabras clave: incontinencia anal, métodos diagnósticos, tratamiento. Resultados: Muchos estudios están disponibles para el diagnóstico de la incontinencia anal, entre ellos los de evaluación primaria: manometría, ecografía endoanal y electromiografía y los de evaluación secundaria: defecografia. Dependiendo de la sospecha diagnóstica, a través del interrogatorio y del examen físico se seleccionarán los indicados para cada caso. El tratamiento constituye uno de los de mayor complejidad dentro de las patologías que debe afrontar el coloproctólogo, por su diversidad y el escaso resultado satisfactorio que ofrece. El tratamiento con biofeedback, en los casos seleccionados en los que hay presencia de unidades motoras, ofrece mejoría en más del 85 por ciento de los casos. Dependiendo de la etiología y severidad de la incontinencia, las opciones quirúrgicas son varias: reparo esfinteriano, plicatura muscular, transposiciones musculares, esfínter anal artificial, neuroestimulación sacra y colostomía. Las aposiciones musculares como el ½overlapping¼ logran una mejoría aceptable, con el 60 al 100 por ciento de continencia para sólidos y líquidos en las distintas series. La aposición simple término-terminal tiene un alto porcentaje de fracaso, cercano al 40 por ciento, por la ruptura del esfínter suturado. Las transposiciones musculares pueden ser del músculo gracílis o del glúteo mayor. Estas técnicas son complejas y requieren personal entrenado. En ambos casos se puede utilizar la neuroestimulación sacra y según The Dynamic Graciloplasty Therapy Study Group la mejoría de la continencia y la calidad de vida ronda el 60 por.

Impacto sobre a quantidade de urina perdida de uma intervenção fisioterapêutica em idosas com incontinência urinária / Impact of a physical therapy intervention on the quantity of urine loss among elderly women with urinary incontinence

Incontinência urinária (IU) é um problema de saúde comum entre mulheres idosas, podendo afetar estruturas e função do corpo, atividades e participação social. Tratamentos conservadores têm sido indicados como alternativa para melhorar os sintomas de IU.

Urinary incontinence (UI) is a commom health problem among elderly women that may affect body structure, functions, activities and social participation. Conservative treatments are advocated as an alternative to improve UI symptoms...

Cinesioterapia do assoalho pélvico na gravidez / Pelvic floor kinesitherapy in pregnancy

Este artigo consiste em revisão da literatura sobre a cinesioterapia do assoalho pélvico durante a gravidez, mostrando quando os exercícios perineais devem ser feitos e de que forma podem ser realizados, apesar da dificuldade na elaboração de um programa de exercícios perineais específicos para a gestante...

Avaliacao da eletroestimulacao na terapeutica da incontinencia urinaria de esforco feminina / The role of the pelvic floor electrical stimulation in treatment of female of stress urinary incontinence

Avaliar a eficacia da eletroestimulacao (EE) na terapeutica da incontinencia urinaria de esforco (IUE). Pacientes...

Aplicación de la neurofisiología en las patologías del piso pelviano / Neurophysiology applied to pelvic floor disorders

Las patologías del piso pelviano han ido ganando la atención de los cirujanos colorrectales durante los últimos 20 años. Distintos procedimientos diagnósticos han sido desarrollados. Algunos aún permanecen como experimentales y otros son ampliamente utilizados. La neurofisiología aplicada a las patologías del piso pelviano (por ej.: constipación e incontinencia) es rutinariamente utilizada como elementos tanto diagnósticos como terapéuticos. Los procedimientos diagnósticos en neurofisiología del piso pelviano son básicamente tres: 1) Tiempo de latencia de Nervios Pudendos, 2) Electromiografía con aguja electrodo concéntrico y 3) Electromiografía de fibra simple. En nuestra experiencia, la prolongación del Tiempo de Latencia de Nervios Pudendos, y el incremento en la densidad de fibra, no se correlacionó con un mayor score de incontinencia. Por el contrario, la disminución en el reclutamiento de potenciales de unidad motora sí se correlacionó con un score de incontinencia mayor. En el grupo de pacientes con constipación, este procedimiento contribuyó a diagnosticar un cuadro de contracción paradojal del haz puborrectal o una relajación incompleta del mismo en un 50 por ciento de los pacientes que consultaron con cuadros de constipación y/o dificultad evacuatoria.